PDS_VERSION_ID = PDS3
RECORD_TYPE = STREAM
LABEL_REVISION_NOTE = "
2012-03-12 JUNO: Kurth Revision 1;
2015-08-15 JUNO: Kurth and Stephens Revision 2;
2016-10-13 PDS: Mafi Revision 3;
2016-04-20 JUNO: Kurth Revision 4;
2022-01-21 JUNO: Kurth, Bolton Revision - XM"
OBJECT = MISSION
MISSION_NAME = "JUNO"
OBJECT = MISSION_INFORMATION
MISSION_START_DATE = 2011-08-05
MISSION_STOP_DATE = NULL
MISSION_ALIAS_NAME = NULL
MISSION_DESC = "The majority of the text in this file
was extracted from the Juno Mission Plan Document, S. Stephens, 29 March
2011.[JPL D-35556]
Mission Overview
================
Prime Mission
-------------
Juno launched on August 5, 2011. The spacecraft used a delta V - EGA
trajectory consisting of deep space maneuvers on August 30, and September
14, 2012 followed by an Earth gravity assist on 9 October 2013 at an
altitude of ~500 km. Juno arrived at Jupiter in July 2016 using a 53.5-day
capture orbit prior to commencing operations for a prime mission comprising
32 high inclination, high eccentricity orbits of Jupiter. The orbit is
polar (~90deg inclination) with a periapsis altitude of ~4,500 km and a
semi-major axis of ~57 RJ giving an orbital period of about 53 days.
Data were not acquired during Jupiter Orbit Insertion (Perijove 0) nor
during Perijove 2.
The primary science is acquired during a period of several hours centered
on each periapsis although fields and particles data are acquired at
generally lower rates for the remaining apoapsis portion of each orbit.
Some of the periapses are dedicated to microwave radiometry of Jupiter's
deep atmosphere by turning the spin axis of Juno so as to optimize the
microwave radiometry field of view on Jupiter with other orbits optimized
for gravity measurements to determine the structure of Jupiter's interior.
All orbits include fields and particles measurements of the planet's auroral
regions.
Juno is spin stabilized with a rotation rate of ~2 revolutions per minute
(RPM). For the radiometry orbits the spin axis is precisely perpendicular to
the orbit plane so that the radiometer fields of view pass through the
nadir. For gravity passes, the spin axis is aligned to the Earth direction,
allowing for Doppler measurements through the periapsis portion of the
orbit. Provision is made for a tilted attitude between these two when the
radiometry tilt exceeds the allowable off-sun angle for power
considerations. The orbit plane is initially very close to perpendicular to
the Sun-Jupiter line and evolves over the mission. The apoapsis passes
through the anti-sunward direction, but a modest inclination change was used
to avoid an umbral eclipse. Data acquired during the periapsis passes are
recorded and played back over the subsequent apoapsis portion of the orbit.
Extended Mission
----------------
The extended mission adds an additional 40 orbits (76 orbits total) to
continue the orbital tour through September 2025. The orbital period at
the beginning of the extended mission is ~43 days and is reduced by a close
flyby of Europa at orbit 45 in the fall of 2022 to ~38 days and further
reduced by two close flybys of Io at orbit 57 and 58 in early 2024 to ~33
days. Juno's northward perijove precession reduces the altitude over
Jupiter's northern hemisphere and enables close flybys of Ganymede, Europa,
Io and Jupiter's ring system as well as the study of Jupiter's northern
hemisphere. The longitude of the perijoves is controlled only through orbit
58. After Io, the mapping of the magnetic and gravity field is no longer
controlled via orbital maneuvers. During the extended mission, the
perijove local time rotates from about 9 hours at perijove 35 to about 2
hours. The latitude of perijove continues to precess from about 29 degrees
north on perijove 35 to about 64 degrees north.
Extended Mission Instrumentation
---------------
Juno's instrument complement includes Gravity Science using the X- and
Ka-bands to determine the structure of Jupiter's interior; vector fluxgate
magnetometer (MAG) to study the magnetic dynamo and interior of Jupiter as
well as to explore the polar magnetosphere; and a microwave radiometer (MWR)
experiment covering 6 wavelengths between 1.3 and 50 cm to perform deep
atmospheric sounding and composition measurements. The MAG investigation
includes Advanced Stellar Compasses (ASCs) mounted on optical benches
including the fluxgate magnetometers (FGMs) in order to directly provide
attitude information that does not rely on understanding how the solar
panel inboard of the MAG boom flexes. The ASCs can provide some imaging of
various non-stellar objects to enhance science or to provide outreach
images.
The instrument complement also includes a suite of fields and particle
instruments to study the polar magnetosphere and Jupiter's aurora. This
suite includes an energetic particle detector (JEDI), a Jovian auroral
(plasma) distributions experiment (JADE), a radio and plasma wave instrument
(Waves), an ultraviolet spectrometer (UVS), and a Jupiter infrared auroral
mapping instrument (JIRAM). During the extended mission, the Stellar
Reference Unit (SRU) can image Jupiter's ring system, lightning, satellites
and auroras as well as record radiation noise. The JunoCam is a camera
included for education and public outreach and can provide images of
Jupiter's atmosphere, satellites and rings. During the EM, the data are
archived in the PDS along with the other mission data.
Investigators
-------------
Scott Bolton is the Juno Principal Investigator. The Science Team members
responsible for the delivery and operation of the instruments are listed
below:
Instrument Acronym Lead Co-I
---------------------------------------------- -------- ---------
Gravity Science GRAV Folkner
Magnetometer MAG Connerney
Microwave Radiometer MWR Janssen
Jupiter Energetic Particle Detector Instrument JEDI Mauk
Jovian Auroral Distributions Experiment JADE Allegrini
Radio and plasma wave instrument Waves Kurth
Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph UVS Gladstone
Jovian Infrared Auroral Mapper JIRAM Adriani
Juno color, visible-light camera JUNOCAM Hansen
Stellar Reference Unit SRU Becker
Advanced Stellar Compass ASC Joergensen
Mission Phases
==============
LAUNCH
------
The Launch phase starts at L-40 min (Launch-40 min), and covers the
interval from launch, through initial ground station acquisition, until
the establishment of a pre-defined, stable, and slowly changing Sun-
pointed attitude when cruise attitude control algorithms and ephemerides
can be used. The end of the Launch phase is determined by post-launch
health and safety assessments. The boundary is at L+3 days, after initial
acquisition and after confirmation that the Flight System is safe and in
a power-positive, thermally stable, and commandable attitude.
Target Name : N/A
Mission Phase Start Time : 2011-08-05 (2011-217)
Mission Phase Stop Time : 2011-08-08 (2011-220)
INNER CRUISE 1
--------------
The Inner Cruise 1 phase lasts from post-Launch establishment of a pre-
defined and stable Sun-pointed attitude when cruise attitude control
algorithms and ephemerides can be used, until after initial spacecraft and
instrument checkouts have been performed and the spacecraft has gotten far
enough from the Sun to allow Earth-pointing instead of Sun-pointing. TCM 1
(the first planned trajectory correction maneuver) was deemed not
necessary, hence, was not executed. The phase spans the interval from L+3
to L+66 days.
Target Name : SOLAR_SYSTEM
Mission Phase Start Time : 2011-08-08 (2011-220)
Mission Phase Stop Time : 2011-10-10 (2011-283)
INNER CRUISE 2
--------------
The Inner Cruise 2 phase spans the period from L+66 days until L+663
days. The Deep Space Maneuvers (DSMs) occur during this phase, near
aphelion of Juno's first orbit about the Sun, on the way to Earth Flyby
and then Jupiter. There is increased DSN (Deep Space Network) coverage
associated with the DSMs and a cleanup TCM. DSMs 1 and 2 occur on
2012-08-30 and 2010-09-14.
Target Name : SOLAR_SYSTEM
Mission Phase Start Time : 2011-10-10 (2011-283)
Mission Phase Stop Time : 2013-05-29 (2013-149)
INNER CRUISE 3
--------------
The Inner Cruise 3 phase spans the interval from L+663 days to L+823
days. The duration of this cruise phase is 160 days. Featured in this
phase is Earth Flyby (EFB), which gives Juno a gravity assist (providing
7.3 km/s of deltaV) on its way to Jupiter. It occurs as the spacecraft is
completing one elliptical orbit around the Sun and includes perihelion.
Three TCMs were planned before EFB (the last of which was deemed not
necessary) and one after EFB. There is increased DSN coverage associated
with the 4 maneuvers and EFB. The Inner Cruise 3 phase is focused on
performing the required maneuvers, as well as an integrated operations
exercise around Earth Flyby, subject to Flight System constraints.
Closest approach to Earth occurs on 2013-10-09 at 19:21 UTC.
Target Name : EARTH, SOLAR_SYSTEM
Mission Phase Start Time : 2013-05-29 (2013-149)
Mission Phase Stop Time : 2013-11-05 (2013-309)
Earth Closest Approach : 2013-10-09T19:21 (2013-282)
OUTER CRUISE
------------
The Outer Cruise phase lasts from L+823 days until the start of Jupiter
Approach at Jupiter Orbit Insertion (JOI)-6 months (JOI-182 days or
L+1614 days). The duration of this cruise phase is 791 days, which is
over 2 years.
Target Name : SOLAR_SYSTEM
Mission Phase Start Time : 2013-11-05 (2013-309)
Mission Phase Stop Time : 2016-01-05 (2016-005)
JUPITER APPROACH
----------------
The Jupiter Approach phase lasts the final 6 months of cruise before
Jupiter Orbit Insertion and is an opportunity for final Flight System and
instrument checkouts as well as science observations to start exercising
the ground system and Flight System, although orbit insertion preparations
limit instrument activities close to JOI. There are more frequent
maneuvers approaching JOI, starting with a TCM at JOI-5 months, and
correspondingly increasing DSN coverage. The 178-day Jupiter Approach
phase is preceded by a 26-month Outer Cruise phase. Jupiter Approach
starts 3 months after the project is fully staffed up in preparation for
JOI and the 1.3 years of science orbits. The phase ends at JOI-4 days,
which is the start of the JOI critical sequence.
Target Name: : JUPITER, SOLAR_SYSTEM
Mission Phase Start Time : 2016-01-05 (2016-005)
Mission Phase Stop Time : 2016-07-01 (2016-183)
JUPITER ORBIT INSERTION
-----------------------
The JOI phase encompasses the JOI critical sequence. It begins 4 days
before the start of the orbit insertion maneuver and ends 1 hour after the
start. JOI, the second critical event of the mission, occurs at closest
approach to Jupiter, and slows the spacecraft enough to let it be captured
by Jupiter into a 53.8-day orbit. A cleanup burn at JOI+8.6d during the
Capture Orbits phase is required to clean up JOI maneuver execution
errors. DSN coverage is continuous during the JOI phase.
Target Name : N/A
Mission Phase Start Time : 2016-07-01 (2016-183)
Mission Phase Stop Time : 2016-07-05 (2016-187)
Perijove 0 : 2016-07-05T02:47:32 (2016-187)
PRIME MISSION
--------------
The Science Orbits phase includes Orbit 0 through Orbit 35. Orbit N is
defined from apojove (AJ) N-1 through apojove N, and includes perijove
(PJ) N. Orbit numbering starts before the Science Orbits phase. JOI
occurs at PJ0, so Orbit 0 lasts from PJ0 through AJ0 (including a JOI
cleanup maneuver at JOI+8.6d). Orbit 1 includes PJ1, and runs from AJ0
through AJ1. Orbit 2 includes PJ2, and runs from AJ1 through AJ2. Orbit
3 includes PJ3, and runs from AJ2 through AJ3. Early orbital science was
baselined in Orbits 0, 1, 2, and 3, except for the JOI keepout zone.
Orbit 4 is the first science orbit. It includes PJ4 (and the first OTM at
PJ4+7.5h), and runs from AJ3 through AJ4. The flyby of Ganymede (PJ34)
reduced the orbital period from about 53 days to about 43 days. Small
(up to 8 m/s) orbit trim maneuvers (OTMs) are planned after each set of
perijove science observations, at PJ+4h, PJ+6h, or PJ+7.5h in Orbits 4
through 34, to target the perijove longitude required for science
observations in the next orbit.
Radiation accumulation increases substantially as the orbital line of
apsides rotates and perijove latitude increases from 3 degrees at JOI to
36 (TBD) degrees at PJ35.
Target Name : JUPITER
Mission Phase Start Time : 2016-07-05 00:00:00 (2016-187)
Mission Phase Stop Time : 2021-07-03 00:00:00 (2021-184)
Perijove 1 : 2016-08-27 12:50:44 (2016-240)
Perijove 2 : 2016-10-19 18:10:54 (2016-293)
Perijove 3 : 2016-12-11 17:03:41 (2016-346)
Perijove 4 : 2017-02-02 12:57:09 (2017-033)
Perijove 5 : 2017-03-27 08:51:52 (2017-086)
Perijove 6 : 2017-05-19 06:00:45 (2017-139)
Perijove 7 : 2017-07-11 01:54:51 (2017-192)
Perijove 8 : 2017-09-01 21:48:57 (2017-244)
Perijove 9 : 2017-10-24 17:43:00 (2017-297)
Perijove 10 : 2017-12-16 17:57:39 (2017-350)
Perijove 11 : 2018-02-07 13:51:49 (2018-038)
Perijove 12 : 2018-04-01 09:45:57 (2018-091)
Perijove 13 : 2018-05-24 05:40:07 (2018-144)
Perijove 14 : 2018-07-16 05:17:38 (2018-197)
Perijove 15 : 2018-09-07 01:11:55 (2018-250)
Perijove 16 : 2018-10-29 21:06:15 (2018-302)
Perijove 17 : 2018-12-21 17:00:25 (2018-355)
Perijove 18 : 2019-02-12 16:19:48 (2019-043)
Perijove 19 : 2019-04-06 12:13:58 (2019-096)
Perijove 20 : 2019-05-29 08:08:13 (2019-149)
Perijove 21 : 2019-07-21 04:02:44 (2019-202)
Perijove 22 : 2019-09-12 03:40:47 (2019-254)
Perijove 23 : 2019-11-03 23:32:56 (2019-307)
Perijove 24 : 2019-12-26 16:58:59 (2019-360)
Perijove 25 : 2020-02-17 17:51:36 (2020-048)
Perijove 26 : 2020-04-10 14:24:34 (2020-101)
Perijove 27 : 2020-06-02 10:19:55 (2020-154)
Perijove 28 : 2020-07-25 06:15:21 (2020-207)
Perijove 29 : 2020-09-16 02:10:49 (2020-260)
Perijove 30 : 2020-11-08 01:49:39 (2020-313)
Perijove 31 : 2020-12-30 21:45:12 (2020-365)
Perijove 32 : 2021-02-21 17:40:31 (2021-052)
Perijove 33 : 2021-04-15 13:36:26 (2021-105)
Perijove 34 : 2021-06-08 07:46:00 (2021-159)
Perijove 35 : 2021-07-21 08:15:05 (2021-202)
Satellite flybys less than 150,000 km (Prime Mission)
Satellite PJ CA Time(UTC) and Altitude(km)
Ganymede 24 : 2019-12-26 02:14:57 (2019-360) 97100
Europa 26 : 2020-04-10 05:39:08 (2020-101) 142564
Ganymede 34 : 2021-06-07 16:56:08 (2021-158) 1053
Ganymede 35 : 2021-07-20 16:48:30 (2021-201) 49992
EXTENDED MISSION
----------------
Using the same orbit numbering scheme as in the Prime Mission, the Extended
Mission begins on 1 August 2021 and extends to orbit 76, through September
2025. The Extended Mission includes a close Europa flyby during orbit 45
which reduces the orbital period to about 38 days. Close flybys of Io
occur on orbits 57 and 58, reducing the period to about 33 days. Note that
times are from the reference trajectory and are not be be construed as
as-flown, reconstructed times.
Perijove 36 : 2021-09-02 22:42:52 (2021-245)
Perijove 37 : 2021-10-16 17:13:32 (2021-289)
Perijove 38 : 2021-11-29 14:13:30 (2021-333)
Perijove 39 : 2022-01-12 10:32:57 (2022-012)
Perijove 40 : 2022-02-25 01:58:52 (2022-056)
Perijove 41 : 2022-04-09 15:49:15 (2022-099)
Perijove 42 : 2022-05-23 02:15:50 (2022-143)
Perijove 43 : 2022-07-05 09:17:23 (2022-186)
Perijove 44 : 2022-08-17 14:45:33 (2022-229)
Perijove 45 : 2022-09-29 17:11:55 (2022-272)
Perijove 46 : 2022-11-06 21:38:28 (2022-310)
Perijove 47 : 2022-12-15 03:23:23 (2022-349)
Perijove 48 : 2023-01-22 05:43:30 (2023-022)
Perijove 49 : 2023-03-01 05:53:19 (2023-060)
Perijove 50 : 2023-04-08 08:13:24 (2023-098)
Perijove 51 : 2023-05-16 07:22:37 (2023-136)
Perijove 52 : 2023-06-23 06:55:05 (2023-174)
Perijove 53 : 2023-07-31 09:05:43 (2023-212)
Perijove 54 : 2023-09-07 11:58:02 (2023-250)
Perijove 55 : 2023-10-15 10:52:59 (2023-288)
Perijove 56 : 2023-11-22 12:16:48 (2023-326)
Perijove 57 : 2023-12-30 12:36:21 (2023-364)
Perijove 58 : 2024-02-03 21:47:31 (2024-034)
Perijove 59 : 2024-03-07 15:52:50 (2024-067)
Perijove 60 : 2024-04-09 08:53:21 (2024-100)
Perijove 61 : 2024-05-12 06:48:48 (2024-133)
Perijove 62 : 2024-06-14 03:33:09 (2024-166)
Perijove 63 : 2024-07-17 01:13:18 (2024-199)
Perijove 64 : 2024-08-18 21:13:01 (2024-231)
Perijove 65 : 2024-09-20 18:50:25 (2024-264)
Perijove 66 : 2024-10-23 14:45:47 (2024-297)
Perijove 67 : 2024-11-25 09:38:25 (2024-330)
Perijove 68 : 2024-12-28 07:02:23 (2024-363)
Perijove 69 : 2025-01-30 03:32:11 (2025-030)
Perijove 70 : 2025-03-04 02:25:53 (2025-063)
Perijove 71 : 2025-04-06 00:13:33 (2025-096)
Perijove 72 : 2025-05-08 21:51:02 (2025-128)
Perijove 73 : 2025-06-10 21:20:34 (2025-161)
Perijove 74 : 2025-07-13 19:36:22 (2025-194)
Perijove 75 : 2025-08-15 18:55:46 (2025-227)
Perijove 76 : 2025-09-17 17:29:08 (2025-260)
Satellite flybys less than 150,000 km (Extended Mission)
Satellite PJ CA Time(UTC) and Altitude(km)
Europa 37 : 2021-10-16 08:46:28 (2021-289) 81360
Europa 40 : 2022-02-24 18:15:43 (2022-055) 46982
Io 41 : 2022-04-09 11:43:39 (2022-099) 105820
Io 43 : 2022-07-05 04:55:57 (2022-186) 86131
Europa 45 : 2022-09-29 09:36:29 (2022-272) 355
Io 47 : 2022-12-14 23:16:09 (2022-348) 63743
Io 49 : 2023-03-01 01:32:07 (2023-060) 51522
Io 51 : 2023-05-16 03:10:08 (2023-136) 35556
Io 53 : 2023-07-31 04:57:16 (2023-212) 22203
Io 55 : 2023-10-15 06:47:22 (2023-288) 11641
Io 57 : 2023-12-30 08:36:01 (2023-364) 1498
Io 58 : 2024-02-03 17:48:36 (2024-034) 1497
Io 60 : 2024-04-09 04:58:04 (2024-100) 17346
Io 65 : 2024-09-20 15:54:42 (2024-264) 124146
Io 67 : 2024-11-25 05:35:34 (2024-330) 85734
Io 72 : 2025-05-08 18:14:06 (2025-128) 92656
Target Name : JUPITER
Mission Phase Start Time : 2021-07-03 00:00:00 (2021-184)
Mission Phase Stop Time : 2025-09-17 00:00:00 (2021-260)
"
MISSION_OBJECTIVES_SUMMARY = "
JUNO MISSION OBJECTIVES
=======================
Prime Mission Objectives
========================
Juno's science objectives encompass four scientific themes:
origin, interior structure, atmospheric composition and dynamics, and polar
magnetosphere. These are based on Appendix E to the New Frontiers Program
Plan: Program Level Requirements for the Juno Project (PLRA). Juno
addresses science objectives central to three NASA Science divisions: Solar
System (Planetary), Earth-Sun System (Heliophysics), and Universe
(Astrophysics).
Juno's primary science goal of understanding the formation,
evolution, and structure of Jupiter is directly related to the conditions in
the early solar system which led to the formation of our planetary system.
The mass of Jupiter's solid core and the abundance of heavy elements in the
atmosphere discriminate among models for giant planet formation. Juno
constrains the core mass by mapping the gravitational field, and measures
through microwave sounding the global abundances of oxygen (water) and
nitrogen (ammonia). Juno reveals the history of Jupiter by mapping the
gravitational and magnetic fields with sufficient resolution to constrain
Jupiter's interior structure, the source region of the magnetic field, and
the nature of deep convection. By sounding deep into Jupiter's atmosphere,
Juno determines to what depth the belts and zones penetrate. Juno provides
the first survey and exploration of the three-dimensional structure of
Jupiter's polar magnetosphere. The overall goal of the Juno mission is to
improve our understanding of the solar system by understanding the origin
and evolution of Jupiter.
ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION
-----------------------
Juno investigates the formation and origin of Jupiter's atmosphere and the
potential migration of planets through the measurement of Jupiter's global
abundance of oxygen (water) and nitrogen (ammonia).
a) Constrain the global O/H ratio (water abundance) in Jupiter's
atmosphere.
b) Constrain the global N/H ratio (ammonia) in Jupiter's atmosphere.
ATMOSPHERIC STRUCTURE
---------------------
Juno investigates variations in Jupiter's deep atmosphere related to
meteorology, composition, temperature profiles, cloud opacity, and
atmospheric dynamics.
a) Determine microwave opacity as a function of latitude and altitude
(pressure).
b) Determine depths of cloud and atmospheric features such as zones,
belts, and spots, and map dynamical variations.
c) Characterize microwave opacity of the polar atmosphere region.
MAGNETIC FIELD
--------------
Juno investigates the fine structure of Jupiter's magnetic field, providing
information on its internal structure and the nature of the dynamo.
a) Map the magnetic field of Jupiter, globally, by direct measurement
of the field at close-in radial distances.
b) Determine the magnetic spectrum of the field, providing information
on the dynamo core radius.
c) Investigate secular variations (long-term time variability) of the
magnetic field.
GRAVITY FIELD
--------------
Juno gravity sounding explores the distribution of mass inside the planet.
a) Determine the gravity field to provide constraints on the mass of the
core.
b) Determine the gravity field to detect the centrifugal response of the
planet to its own differential rotation (winds) at depths of kilobars
and greater.
c) Investigate the response to tides raised by the Jovian satellites.
POLAR MAGNETOSPHERE
-------------------
Juno explores Jupiter's three-dimensional polar magnetosphere and aurorae.
a) Investigate the primary auroral processes responsible for particle
acceleration.
b) Characterize the field-aligned currents that transfer angular momentum
from Jupiter to its magnetosphere.
c) Identify and characterize auroral radio and plasma wave emissions
associated with particle acceleration.
d) Characterize the nature, location, and spatial scale of auroral
features.
Extended Mission Objectives
===========================
During the Extended Mission (EM) phase, Juno will address the following
science objectives:
Atmosphere:
Investigate Jupiter's northern latitudes, gather information on its
water/ammonia abundance, polar cyclones, ionospheric profile (electron
and neutral temperature), and variability of lightning.
Interior structure:
Investigate shearing, characterize shallow dynamo, dilute core, and the
interior/atmosphere coupling.
Magnetosphere:
Explore the polar magnetopause and probe the polar cap auroral
acceleration.
Ring studies:
Characterize the ring dust and the ring plasma environment.
Ganymede:
Investigate the 3-D structure and dynamics of its magnetosphere and
ionosphere.
Europa:
Investigate the ice shell and characterize surface sputtering.
Io:
Constrain the global magma ocean, monitor volcanic activity, and
characterize magnetospheric interaction.
ATMOSPHERE
----------
Investigate variation of water abundance as a function of latitude.
Determine if the northern pole of Jupiter is unique in composition.
Characterize atmospheric composition, vertical structure, and dynamics of
the northern hemisphere. Investigate the transition from zonal jets to
vortices at mid-latitudes and the culmination that leads to vortex crystals
at the poles. Monitor long-term changes and roots of vortex patterns.
Characterize temporal and spatial variability of Jovian lightning to
investigate the role of thunderstorms on the shallow and deep atmospheric
dynamics.
Investigate Jupiter's upper atmosphere, ionosphere and auroral heating and
energy transfer to lower latitudes.
INTERIOR
--------
Investigate the shearing of the Great Blue Spot (GBS), and the source depth
of the GBS dynamo region.
Investigate the dynamo source depth, characterize small spatial scale
features in the northern hemisphere, constrain convective stability of a
double layer dynamo.
Constrain and characterize the dilute core and constrain the existence of a
compact inner core.
Investigate the coupling between the interior structure, magnetic field and
deep atmosphere.
SATELLITES
----------
Investigate the 3-D structure of Ganymede's magnetosphere and its
interaction with the Jovian magnetosphere over a wide range of magnetic
latitudes. Provide constraints on the density and composition of Ganymede's
ionosphere and exosphere over a range of latitudes and altitudes Ganymede
and its magnetosphere.
Investigate the upper 10 km of Europa's ice shell to characterize the
variations in thickness and identify regions of subsurface water.
Characterize variations in density, temperature, and purity of the
subsurface ice to distinguish geologic processes within the ice shell to
probe how terrain types are associated with subsurface-surface exchange.
Investigate surface sputtering effects on Europa and atmosphere.
Search for evidence of shallow, near-surface thermal anomalies indicative
of recent geological activity (warm diapirs) and/or near surface melt or
trapped water. Investigate surface sputtering effects on Europa and
atmosphere.
Investigate Io's interior via tidal gravitational response to Jupiter's
gravity and magnetic induction. Address current stability of the Laplace
resonance that controls tidal heating.
Investigate the local environment of Io and its interaction with Jupiter's
magnetosphere.
Investigate and monitor Io volcanic activity, composition, topography, heat
flow and lava temperatures, including high latitudes. Map surface changes
relative to previous missions to constrain resurfacing rates.
Investigate Io's atmospheric pickup ions, sublimation, volcanic sources,
and supply of various species to Io torus.
RINGS
-----
Characterize the dust population of Jupiter's ring system. Characterize
density and size distribution of micron-sized dust between Jupiter's ring
and the planet extending into the halo region. Study interactions between
ring particles and low- and high-energy charged particles. Investigate ring
particle density distribution relative to equatorial plane. Constrain
charging environment close to the ring.
MAGNETOSPHERE
-------------
Determine the spatial and temporal variability of the Io and Europa plasma
tori in order to address the transport of mass and energy through Jupiter's
inner magnetosphere. Explore the region near Jupiter's polar magnetopause
to investigate the interconnection and accessibility to the interplanetary
medium. Characterize Jupiter's auroral acceleration region by searching
beneath altitudes accessed during Juno's prime mission.
"
END_OBJECT = MISSION_INFORMATION
OBJECT = MISSION_HOST
INSTRUMENT_HOST_ID = "JNO"
OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET
TARGET_NAME = "CALLISTO"
END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET
OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET
TARGET_NAME = "DUST"
END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET
OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET
TARGET_NAME = "EARTH"
END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET
OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET
TARGET_NAME = "EUROPA"
END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET
OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET
TARGET_NAME = "GANYMEDE"
END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET
OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET
TARGET_NAME = "IO"
END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET
OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET
TARGET_NAME = "IO PLASMA TORUS"
END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET
OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET
TARGET_NAME = "JUPITER"
END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET
OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET
TARGET_NAME = "MOON"
END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET
OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET
TARGET_NAME = "J RINGS"
END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET
OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET
TARGET_NAME = "SOLAR WIND"
END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET
OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET
TARGET_NAME = "SOLAR_SYSTEM"
END_OBJECT = MISSION_TARGET
END_OBJECT = MISSION_HOST
OBJECT = MISSION_REFERENCE_INFORMATION
REFERENCE_KEY_ID = "JPLD-35556"
END_OBJECT = MISSION_REFERENCE_INFORMATION
END_OBJECT = MISSION
END
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